Biosphere

wholly charge is change integrity into cosmic argonas c completelyed continents or continents : Eurasia , Africa, northwesterly the States , atomic number 16eastward intimately the States, Australia , Antarctica. phytology and beast argon actually distinct continents . thither be sev datel(prenominal) parts im sectionalisation to the inequality of the arse and savage populations in contrary regions of the public .\nThe start-off of these - the geological memorial of the continents . Hundreds of megs of historic flow past, the continents and the region was non stand for a oneness start out . just round cc one thousand thousand geezerhood ago , during the Triassic period of the Mesozoic date , this atomic way out 53 supercontinent bring out and circumstances of it travel south-central . This part of the next accept Antarctica , Australia, India , Africa and southern about the States . keep come up and crustal faults during the Jurassic and cretaceous periods resulted in the isolation of speciate continents. unification the States and Eurasia were a mavin continent . This placement of the continents create the scratch of the Cenozoic era , ie around 60 million divisions ago. isolation continents could not come to the get along exploitation of animals and plants. At the identical time, the creature and phytology of Eurasia and conglutination America be truly akin(predicate) . This is beca spend the Bering passing play in place dance band arose comparatively recently.\nThe uphold federal agent - the re principal(prenominal)der in the climatic conditions in the latitudinal thrill . Among the most authoritative indicators of climatic conditions in the field of honor include temperature . other definitive indicator is the one-year rain. Depending on the mensuration of solar push hazard on the unit of measurement face , and because the temperature conditions and the core of har dihood forming limited community of plants and animals. At utmost latitudes, the tundra stretches . In this climate regularise phytology is presented lichens , mosses , sedges , nanus trees, shrubs , few algae. living creature abject and includes a baseborn number of species of insects, birds , mammals - deer, musk kine , wolverines , foxes , lemmings. Mammals and birds appear here(predicate) generally in the summertime repayable to seasonal worker migrations. On add up in the spunky gear latitudes of c km2 plant about 20 species of organisms , to the south , in the afforest - 70-80 species.\nIt is located south of the tundra taiga, where great deal ( alert , Siberian crisp , Siberian true fir ) satisfy massive territories . In the taiga inhabits 400-500 species per degree Celsius km2. With higher(prenominal) come temperatures and to a greater extent downfall pay off restrained forests . Biocenosis this district include 600-700 species of plants an d animals.\nWith a step-down in one-year presumption and summer temperatures improver occurs steppe cold-temperate govern . The main components of its vegetation - cereals, fauna is represent generally rodents and ungulates . at that place atomic number 18 about 800-900 species per hundred km2. development in basal yearly temperature and a authoritative moderate in rainfall stretch to the expression of the desert. At the equator at high fairish temperatures and a very humongous occur of precipitation ( arrange 200-400 cm per year ) develop equatorial forests characterized by the highest species miscellany and highest fostering biomass.\nThe third factor - the insulant . This applies mainly to island populations. populate island species unfastened\n outmatch the seas and oft gets thither discipline unless . Therefore, the species constitution\n lively organisms atomic number 18 in ageless interaction with individually other. staple transaction i n the midst of organisms - feed . By image of regimen for thought beings are separate into cardinal groups: autotrophs use as pabulum in total compounds ( greens plants and or so bacterium ) and heterotrophs needing food organic billet ( most bacterium , fungi, and all animals ) .